It is quite postulated that the seismic characteristics of acceleration time history recorded at stations near epicenter differ, considerably, from those of far stations either in frequency contents or PGA. This difference has not been considered in Iranian Standard No. 2800. Therefore, the necessity of more research work seems to be of importance. The objectives of this paper are the comparison and assessment of performance of reinforced concrete structures with MRF system built on soils type II subjected to near source as well as far source site specific response spectra obtained from a Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Calculation of the performance point (PP) of moment resisting R/C structures having 2, 4, 6 and 10 stories and comparing their structural responses such as drift with those of Iranian Standard No. 2800 is another goal of this study. It is notable that the directivity effect, as an important factor in the near source problems, is considered. The effects of such important factors on structural responses of special R/C structures (SMRF) are demonstrated and discussed by analyzing four types of R/C structures subjected to near source acceleration (Bam station) and far source acceleration (Darmazar station). The compatibility of selected accelerations with estimated site response spectra as well as those of Standard No. 2800 obtained from near and far sources is studied and assessed as the results of this research work.

Background: Brachytherapy is used to treat cancer in a short distance with radiation from the radionuclide sources located inside the capsule. This type of treatment is directly treated with direct irradiation, in or near the treatment area; then the dose is continuously delivered to the tumor. In protocol of TG-43, we use air kerma strength, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and anisotropy function to calculate the distribution of doses around any linear source. The purpose of this study was to calculate and obtain dosimetric parameters for the cobalt-60 source, using the Geant4 code, and comparing with the reference calculations of the BEBIG cobalt source. Methods: By using Geant4 code, cobalt source and water phantom were simulated for dosimetry calculations. The average energy of gamma rays in simulation was considered for gamma rays from cobalt-60 source. Findings: The results of simulation performed by Monte Carlo Geant4 method was obtained in the form of dose distribution curves and important parameters in the dosimetry of brachytherapy, according to protocol recommendations of TG-43U1 with low error percentage. Moreover, dosimetric quantities including air kerma intensity, radial dose function, two-dimensional anisotropy function for angles of 0 to 90 degrees, dose rate constant, and optical density reduction were calculated. Dose rate constant was obtained as equal to 1. 086 ± 0. 003 cGyh-1U-1. Conclusion: Calculations performed with the Geant4 code show a good agreement after comparing with BEBIG cobalt reference data. Dosimetric parameters obtained from the simulation based on the TG-43U1 protocol can be used in brachytherapy treatment design software.

Background: The need for a rapid, noninvasive method for unwanted hair removal has led to the development of various light sources for this purpose. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Source (IPLS) on unwanted hairs. Patients & Methods: In this open, uncontrolled clinical trial, 77 different anatomical areas in 34 referred patients to "Novin Didegan Clinic" in Tehran in 1380-1381, were treated by IPLS at fluencies ranging from 22 to 34 j/cm2 after their demographic data and the number of hairs were recorded. The 3 to 7 treatment sessions were accomplished 4 to 6 weeks apart. All of the patients were followed 6 months after the last therapy. The quantitative data were  analyzed by paired t test. Results: Six months after the last therapy, more than 50% reduction in number of hairs was noted in 80% of the treated areas; with mean reduction of 72±23 percent. Side effects were mild and reversible and occurred in ten patients. Conclusion: The IPLS appears to provide an effective and safe method for long term excess hair removal in various skin types.      

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day standard using curve fitting models for genetic and management practices. Individual curves do not have a standard shape in all cases, and can deviate from the standard pattern according to factors such as individual differences, and type of fitted models. These non-standard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing and reversed standards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) and Pollott (biological), on 7659 and 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 and 776 first calving Iranian Simmental and Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) and decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of standard curves from the Pollott and Wood models were 85.5% and 62.2% for Simmental, and 83.1% and 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% and 16.9%, Simmental and Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed standard was the most (22.3% and 16.5%, Simmental and Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of standardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

Identifying and measuring the radioactivity of airborne particles are necessary and very important to recognizing and estimating the effect of radioactive contamination on human health and the environment. Gamma-ray spectromety is one of the most useful methods for quantitative and qualitative analysis of samples, like air filters. The first and necessary step in performing sample analysis by Gamma-ray spectrometer is to calibrate this equipment which requires appropriate standard sources. The purpose of this research is to design and manufacture a suitable standard source considering filter geometry and its quality control and validation. For this purpose, a circular HEPA air filter with a diameter of 60 mm was used. Gamma-ray spectrometry system (HPGe) was calibrated by mentioned standard source. The results of counting and quality control of the manufactured source showed the accuracy of source manufacturing method. The validation of manufacturing method by Spike method showed an acceptable error of 8%.

In this paper the Kazhdomi and Pabdeh Formations in Marun oilfield were studied. The S2 vs. TOC diagram is one of the best methods used for interpretation of data's obtained by pyrolysis. With the use of this method geochemical properties of these two formations were evaluated, interpreted and then compared with each other. Type of kerogen for Kazhdomi Formation was determined as type II while for Pabdeh Formation the kerogen type is mixed II-III. This diagram shows that Kazhdomi Formation in compare to Pabdeh Formation has more hydrocarbon potential. The amount of dead carbon determined for the Kazhdumi Formation is about 0.93 Wt.% while for Pabdeh Formation it was estimated as 0.5 Wt.%. Absorption of hydrocarbon to rock matrix were also determined using this diagram. It show's that the amount of absorption in Kazhdumi Formation is more than that of Pabdeh Formation.This is mostly due to the presence of argillaceous matrix of the Kazhdumi Formation. This study shows that Kazhdumi Formation in compare to Pabdeh has a better quality for being a candidate as a source rock in Marun oilfield.

Background: The aim of this study is to explore the safety and diagnostic performance of dual-source CT scan in comparison with single source CT scan and conventional angiography in patients with coronary heart diseases.Materials and methods: A systematic review was performed using CRD standard methods. The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and TRIP were searched up to April 2009. The references of the marked studies and gray literature were also searched.Results: 17 articles were included. 9 articles reported the safety and 12 articles reported the diagnostic performance of DSCT.  Generally DSCT was a non-invasive and safe procedure.  Using DSCT the exposure of patient to X-ray was less than 64-slice single source CT (SSCT) and more than conventional angiography. For the DSCT the mean sensitivity was 90.4%, mean specificity was 82%, mean PPV was 83% and mean NPV was 96%. For the SSCT the mean sensitivity was 90.4%, mean specificity was 82%, mean PPV was 83% and mean NPV was 96%. The mean sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of DSCT were slightly higher than SSCT.Conclusion: DSCT is a noninvasive and relatively safe technology. The diagnostic performance of DSCT is higher than SSCT, but its performance is not so much high to be able to substitute the conventional invasive angiography which is still the gold standard test.